J Foot Ankle Res. 2025 Sep;18(3):e70076. doi: 10.1002/jfa2.70076.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Intrinsic foot muscles and the plantar fascia are crucial for foot health, which diminishes with age and conditions such as chronic plantar fasciitis (PF). Ultrasound (US) is an accessible and cost-effective method for evaluating these structures. This study aims to assess the repeatability, reliability, and validity of plantar fascia thickness and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle measurements using US compared with MRI in individuals with and without PF.

METHODS: Foot muscle volume and plantar fascia thickness were measured via US and MRI in 28 participants with and without PF. Subsequently, the plantar fascia thickness and FDB volume were calculated using the OsiriX semiauto volume segmenter software for MRI and the truncated cone formula for both MRI and US. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Pearson product correlations (r), minimal detectable differences (MDD), and standard error of measurement (SEm) were calculated.

RESULTS: High ICCs (r = 0.988-0.990) indicated excellent repeatability for all measurement techniques of the plantar fascia and FDB muscle. Reliability for plantar fascia and FDB measurements ranged from 3.98% to 5.50% and 5.06%-9.84%, respectively, across both groups. Validity was high with correlation values between 0.94 and 0.99 and Bland-Altman limits of agreement ranging from 2.6% to 9.2%.

CONCLUSIONS: US provides repeatable, reliable, and valid measurements of plantar fascia thickness and FDB muscle volume compared with MRI. It offers a cost-effective and accessible alternative for assessing foot health in clinical and research settings.

PMID:40931567 | DOI:10.1002/jfa2.70076

J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025 Sep 2:102539. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102539. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alterations in the anatomy of the inferior turbinate and nasal floor have been linked to airway resistance and dento-skeletal malocclusions. Few studies have quantified these relationships using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study aimed to determine whether the morphology and volume of the inferior nasal turbinate and adjacent structures differ among sagittal dento-skeletal patterns.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 81 patients, divided into Class I (n = 20), Class II (n = 32), and Class III (n = 29) based on their dental occlusion. All patients underwent facial CBCT imaging. Using OsiriX software, the right inferior turbinate was segmented and divided into anterior, middle, and posterior thirds. Volume, height, and width were measured for each segment. The inferior nasal cavity volume was also assessed. Septal deviations were also noted. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Inferior turbinate volume and dimensions differed significantly among classes. Class II presented with significantly larger turbinate volumes, particularly in the anterior and middle thirds, compared to Classes I and III (p < 0.01). Class II had the smallest inferior nasal cavity-to-turbinate volume ratio and a higher prevalence of septal deviation.

CONCLUSION: Skeletal malocclusion patterns are significantly associated with the volume and morphology of the inferior turbinate. Class II had more voluminous and hypertrophic turbinates than the other classes. Airway evaluation should be considered in the diagnosis and surgical planning of dento-skeletal dysmorphoses.

PMID:40907893 | DOI:10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102539

Otol Neurotol. 2025 Aug 15. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000004623. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anatomical diversity of the round window (RW) in the pediatric population, focusing on its transcanal trajectory and anatomical angles. The study aims to provide insights into how RW accessibility changes with age, which may impact surgical planning and drug delivery approaches.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective radiologic review of pediatric patients who underwent high-resolution CT scans of the temporal bone.

SETTING: Tertiary care center.

PATIENTS: Ninety-one pediatric ears from 50 patients with normal anatomy between the ages of 0 and 15 years were analyzed.

INTERVENTIONS: Radiologic measurements: Using OsiriX MD, scans were reformatted to measure RW access angles, depth, and volume. Using 3D Slicer for 3D reconstruction, RW niche segmentation and volumetric analysis were performed.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome measures included evaluation of transcanal angle to the RW membrane, depth and opening angle of the RW, volume and shape variability, and its three-dimensional localization relative to the umbo.

RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the mean transcanal angle to the RW membrane was 98.8° ± 7°. The transcanal angle to the RW increased significantly with age, with the ≥24-month age group demonstrating a mean increase of 6.2° compared to the younger cohort (p < 0.0001). Additionally, the RW position was found to shift inferiorly as age increased, with a mean difference of 0.47 mm (p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable anatomical insights into changing pediatric RW morphology. These results may have implications for future surgical approaches, particularly for transcanal drug delivery and gene therapy in pediatric patients.

PMID:40900018 | DOI:10.1097/MAO.0000000000004623

J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil. 2025 Aug 11:1-9. doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2025.2533547. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is sparse literature on radiological findings in cases of monocular elevation deficit (MED). We conducted this study to report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of extra-ocular muscles and oculomotor nerves in patients with congenital MED and to investigate its patho-mechanisms.

METHODS: We included patients with congenital MED without prior strabismus surgery. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the extra-ocular muscles in quasi-sagittal and quasi-coronal scans was measured manually on 2-mm-thick T2-weighted MRI images using Osirix MD software. Oculomotor nerves were imaged with balanced steady state free precession (bFFE) sequence. Clinical findings of Bell's phenomenon and forced duction test (FDT) for inferior rectus (IR) muscle were recorded.

RESULTS: Eleven patients were included. The median CSA of superior rectus (SR) muscle at mid-orbit section was significantly lesser in the affected eye (8.83 mm2, Inter-quartile range (IQR): 5.39-11.36 mm2) than in the normal eye (13.63 mm2, IQR: 10.99-16.92 mm2), p = .02. From 11 patients, 10 had a thinner SR muscle on the affected side. Bell's phenomenon was intact in six patients. Forced duction test was positive for IR muscle in five cases. Oculomotor nerve was thinner on the affected side in two patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Majority patients with congenital MED have a hypotrophic SR muscle, due to dysinnervation or primary muscle pathology. Bell's phenomenon may or may not be present in these conditions, and its presence does not warrant a supra-nuclear cause.

PMID:40787934 | DOI:10.1080/2576117X.2025.2533547

Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Jul 14;12:1565525. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1565525. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Dissemination indices derived from [18F]FDG PET/CT, such as Dmax, Dmaxbulk, SPREADbulk, SPREADpatient, and DmaxVox are validated prognostic biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We introduce DmaxVoxMIP, the distance between the outermost voxels of the two most distant lesions on a 2D maximum intensity projection image, which is easy and straightforward to obtain. Our goal is to evaluate DmaxVoxMIP's prognostic value compared to other features for easier clinical application.

METHODS: Metabolic tumor volume and dissemination indices were obtained from LIFEx, while DmaxVoxMIP was obtained from Telemis and OsiriX.

RESULTS: DmaxVoxMIP was not significantly higher in deceased than in living patients. However, patients with DmaxVoxMIP values above the derived cutoff showed a shorter survival. By combining MTV and DmaxVoxMIP, we obtained 3 risk groups for OS and PFS.

DISCUSSION: DmaxVoxMIP could advantageously replace other dissemination parameters as a prognostic index in patients with DLBCL.

PMID:40727530 | PMC:PMC12301333 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2025.1565525

bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 Jul 7:2025.07.04.663191. doi: 10.1101/2025.07.04.663191.

ABSTRACT

Aerosol exposure of non-human primates ( NHPs ) to Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) typically results in discrete sites of inflammation of the lung that is detectable by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose ( 18 F- FDG )-based PET/CT scans. Such scans are often analyzed using software such as Invicro VivoQuant or OsiriX as 3D images by manual labeling sites of PET signal using 2D slices and by reporting maximal SUV either of the whole lung or of individual lesions. Here we propose a pipeline for analysis of the same PET/CT scans using Imaris, a proprietary software typically used for analysis of data from fluorescent microscopy experiments. We show that by using locations of spine vertebra (denoted as "landmarks") we can align serials scans of the same animal, and by using automated (with some manual corrections) image segmentation in 3D as "surfaces", we can accurately define location of all sites of inflammation in the lung and lung-associated thoracic lymph nodes ( LNs ). We show that there is an excellent correlation between individual lesion's maximum SUV determined by Invicro VivoQuant and maximum intensity determined by Imaris suggesting utility of this approach. Imaris also provides wealth of additional information for each of the identified lesions such as volume, location, shape, surface area, and others, and each lesion can be exported in Virtual Reality file format (.wrl) allowing for detailed and rigorous analyses of how features of these PET-defined lesions evolve over time and correlate with the outcome of infection and/or treatment.

PMID:40672288 | PMC:PMC12265552 | DOI:10.1101/2025.07.04.663191

Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2025 Spring;31(2):39-49. doi: 10.46292/sci25-00015. Epub 2025 Jun 19.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To determine the interrater reliability between an automated and manual measure of lesion damage following spinal cord injury (SCI) using T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI).

METHODS: Twenty-one MRIs were collected from patients who had completed rehabilitation at Craig Hospital. Manual measurements of midsagittal tissue bridges were conducted by an experienced rater using OsiriX (Pixmeo Sarl, Geneva, Switzerland), and automated measures were taken using the SCIsegV2 automated function through the Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT). Manual and automated measurements were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Percentage agreement and Cohen's kappa statistic were calculated to compare detection of midsagittal tissue bridges.

RESULTS: ICCs between the manual and automated measures were excellent (ICC 0.94, 95% CI 0.84-0.97, P < .001, for ventral tissue bridges; ICC 0.99, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, P < .001, for dorsal tissue bridges). Percentage agreement between raters was 90.8% for ventral, dorsal, and any midsagittal tissue bridge. Cohen's kappa for the detection of tissue bridges showed substantial agreement between the two raters for ventral, dorsal, and any tissue bridges (0.81, P < .001; 0.79, P < .001; and 0.81, P < .001, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Measurements of midsagittal tissue bridges between manual and automated raters are reliable. Automated measurements may help to expedite research related to midsagittal tissue bridges and functional outcomes for individuals with SCI.

PMID:40585009 | PMC:PMC12199566 | DOI:10.46292/sci25-00015